H?r?t? (Sanskrit), also known as Kishimojin (????), is both a revered goddess and demon in some Buddhist traditions. In her positive aspect, she is regarded for the protection of children, easy delivery and happy child rearing while her negative aspects include the belief of her terror towards irresponsible parents and unruly children.
In Japanese Buddhism, the variant Kishimojin is venerated both as a protector deity, but in many folk traditions is often recognized as a female demon of misery and unhappiness towards children and parents. Both popular traditions persevere in current Japanese Buddhist practices and belief.
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Iconography
H?r?t? is a figure of the 26th chapter of the Lotus Sutra, and is especially important to Nichiren Buddhism. In Shingon Buddhism, she is named Karitei (???) or Karitei-mo (????). Her iconography is based mostly on the Dai Yakusha Nyo Kangimo Narahini Aishi J?juh? (?????????????).
In Japanese tradition, Kishimojin is an aspect of Kannon, the goddess of mercy, and she bears the epithets "Bringer of Happiness" (???) and "Giver of Children and Easy Delivery" (??????).
In the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, she is known as H?r?t? M? "Mother H?r?t?", and her main temple is part of Kathmandu's Swayambhunath stupa complex. She is perceived as the consort of Pañcika and as protector of children, and is a patron of the Newar people of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur District. The Newars call her Ajima, meaning "grandmother" in the Newar language.
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Narrative
According to myth, H?r?t? was originally a r?k?as? of Rajgir at the same time that Gautama Buddha also lived there. She had hundreds of children of her own, whom she loved and doted upon, but to feed them, she abducted and killed the children of others. The bereaved mothers of her victims pleaded to the Buddha to save them. So, the Buddha stole the youngest of her sons (in a variant version, the youngest daughter), and hid him under his rice bowl. After having desperately searched for her missing son throughout the universe, H?r?t? finally appealed to the Buddha for help.
The Buddha pointed out that she was suffering because she lost one of hundreds of children, and asked if she could imagine the suffering of parents whose only child had been devoured. She replied contritely that their suffering must be many times greater than hers. She then vowed to protect all children, and in lieu of children's flesh, she would henceforth only eat pomegranates. Henceforth H?r?t? became the protector of children and women in childbirth. In exchange, the Buddha gave her bodhi, which enabled her to withstand black magic and evil powers, and gave her the facility to cure the sick.
In the Japanese version of the tale, Kishimojin's enlists the aid of the Ten R?k?as? Women (????, j?rasetsunyo) to abduct and murder the children of other families. In some variants of the myth, the Ten R?k?as? Women are themselves daughters (or daughters' daughters) of Kishimojin. When Kishimojin accepts the Buddha's teachings, the Ten Demon Daughters do likewise.
References
Bibliography
- Langenberg, Amy Paris (2013). Pregnant Words: South Asian Buddhist Tales of Fertility and Child protection, History of Religions 52 (4), 340-369
- Lesbre, E. (2000). La conversion de H?r?t? au Buddha: origine du thème iconographique et interprétations picturales chinoises, Arts asiatiques 55 (1), 98-119
Source of article : Wikipedia
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